The first real solar cell was born in 1954
Three researchers at Bell Labs, Daryl Chapin, Calvin Fuller, and Gerald Pearson, showed off the first practical silicon solar cell in 1954. It converted about 6% of sunlight into electricity, which sounds tiny next to today’s panels that clear 20%. Newspapers at the time guessed it might one day power homes. Took a while, but they were right.
Source: Bell Labs